题目描述

原题

Description:
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

  • I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
    • X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
    • C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

Example 1:

Input: “III”
Output: 3

Example 2:

Input: “IV”
Output: 4

Example 3:

Input: “IX”
Output: 9

Example 4:

Input: “LVIII”
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.

Example 5:

Input: “MCMXCIV”
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

原题翻译

描述:
罗马数字由七个不同的符号表示:I,V,X,L,C,D和M。

符号
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

例如, 罗马数字 2 写做 II ,即为两个并列的 1。12 写做 XII ,即为 X + II 。 27 写做 XXVII, 即为 XX + V + II 。十二写为XII,简称为X + II。
第二十七号写成XXVII,即XX + V + II。

通常情况下,罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例,例如 4 不写做 IIII,而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边,所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地,数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况:

  • I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边,来表示 4 和 9。
    • X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边,来表示 40 和 90。
    • C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边,来表示 400 和 900。

给定一个罗马数字,将其转换为整数。
输入确保在1到3999的范围内。

例1:

输入: “III”
输出: 3

例2:

输入: “IV”
输出: 4

例3:

输入: “IX”
输出: 9

例4:

输入: “LVIII”
输出: 58
解释: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.

例5:

输入: “MCMXCIV”
输出: 1994
解释: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90, IV = 4.

解法一(Mine)

主要思想

result(int类型)保存结果,从右向左遍历字符。
若上一个大于当前,则result减当前value;否则,result加当前value。

运行速度:超过了100%的解答。

内存使用:超过了100%的解答。

源码

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class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
int result = 0;
int i = s.length();
int pre = 0;
int now = 0;
while (i > 0) {
char c = s.charAt(--i);
switch(c) {
case 'I':
now = 0;
result = getResult(now, pre, 1, result);
pre = 0;
break;
case 'V':
now = 1;
result = getResult(now, pre, 5, result);
pre = 1;
break;
case 'X':
now = 2;
result = getResult(now, pre, 10, result);
pre = 2;
break;
case 'L':
now = 3;
result = getResult(now, pre, 50, result);
pre = 3;
break;
case 'C':
now = 4;
result = getResult(now, pre, 100, result);
pre = 4;
break;
case 'D':
now = 5;
result = getResult(now, pre, 500, result);
pre = 5;
break;
case 'M':
now = 6;
result = getResult(now, pre, 1000, result);
pre = 6;
break;
}
}
return result;
}
private int getResult(int now, int pre, int value, int result) {
if (pre > now)
result -= value;
else
result += value;
return result;
}
}

解法二

主要思想

第一名的答案,与方法一思想类似。

使用两次for循环。
第一次把当前位置是否大于下一位置保存到boolean数组中。
第二次根据boolean数组和字符串的同一位置,得到结果。

运行速度:超过了100%的解答。

内存使用:超过了100%的解答。

源码

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class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
int result = 0;
boolean[] mem = new boolean[s.length()];
for (int i = 0; i< s.length() - 1; i++) {
if (test(s.charAt(i)) < test(s.charAt(i+1))) {
mem[i] = true;
} else {
mem[i] = false;
}
}
mem[s.length() - 1] = false;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){
if (mem[i]){
result = result - test(s.charAt(i));
}else{
result = result + test(s.charAt(i));
}
}
return result;
}

public int test(char a) {
if (a == 'I') {
return 1;
} else if (a == 'V'){
return 5;
} else if (a == 'X'){
return 10;
} else if (a == 'L'){
return 50;
} else if (a == 'C'){
return 100;
} else if (a == 'D'){
return 500;
} else if (a == 'M'){
return 1000;
} else {
return 0;
}

}
}